CHIẾN LƯỢC CHẨN ĐOÁN LÂM SÀNG VÀ CẬN LÂM SÀNG THUYÊN TẮC TĨNH MẠCH SÂU
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Tóm tắt
Thuyên tắc do huyết khối tĩnh mạch (DVT) là nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây tử vong ở bệnh nhân nội trú. Tuổi là yếu tố nguy cơ tích lũy, do đó số bệnh nhân mắc phải huyết khối tĩnh mạch tăng theo độ tuổi. Cách đây 150 năm, Rudolf Virchow đã mô tả tam chứng kinh điển các yếu tố dẫn tới huyết khối tĩnh mạch.
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Tài liệu tham khảo
1. Kakkar VV, et al: Prevention of fatal postoperative pulmonary embolism by low doses of heparin. Reappraisal of results of international multicentre trial. Lancet 1: 567– 569, 1977.
2. Anand SS, et al: Does this patient have deep vein thrombosis? JAMA 279:1094–1099, 1998.
3. Criado E, et al: Predictive value of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Surgery 122:578–583, 1997.
4. Brotman DJ, et al: Limitations of D-dimer testing in unselected inpatients with suspected venous thromboembolism. Am J Med 114:276–282, 2003.
5. Larsen TB, et al: Validity of D-dimer tests in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis: a prospective comparative study of three quantitative assays. J Intern Med 252:36–40, 2002.
6. Kearon C, et al: Noninvasive diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. McMaster Diagnostic Imaging Practice Guidelines Initiative. Ann Intern Med 128:663–677, 1998.
7. Birdwell BG, et al: The clinical validity of normal compression ultrasonography in outpatients suspected of having deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 128:1–7, 1998.
8. Goodacre S, et al: Measurement of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of non-invasive diagnostic testing strategies for deep vein thrombosis. Health Technol Assess 10:1–168, iii–iv, 2006.
9. Wells PS, et al: Accuracy of clinical assessment of deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet 345:1326 1330, 1995
10. Locker T, et al: Meta-analysis of plethysmography and rheography in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Emerg Med J 23:630–635, 2006.
11. Terao M, et al: Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis after operation for fracture of the proximal femur: comparative study of ultrasonography and venography. J Orthop Sci 11:146–153, 2006.
12. Ozbudak O, et al: Doppler ultrasonography versus venography in the detection of deep vein thrombosis in patients with pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis 21:159–162, 2006.
13. de Valois JC, et al: Contrast venography: from gold standard to ‘golden backup’ in clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis. Eur J Radiol 11:131–137, 1990.
14. Begemann PG, et al: Evaluation of the deep venous system in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism with multi-detector CT: a prospective study in comparison to Doppler sonography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 27:399– 409, 2003.
15. Homans J: Thrombosis of the deep leg veins due to prolonged sitting. N Engl J Med 250:148 149, 1954.
16. Carpenter JP, et al: Magnetic resonance venography for the detection of deep venous thrombosis: comparison with contrast venography and duplex Doppler ultrasonography. J Vasc Surg 18:734–741, 1993.
17. Laissy JP, et al: Assessment of deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs and pelvis: MR venography versus duplex Doppler sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 167:971–975, 1996.
18. Stern JB, et al: Detection of pelvic vein thrombosis by magnetic resonance angiography in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and normal lower limb compression ultrasonography. Chest 122:115–121, 2002
19. Sampson FC, et al: The accuracy of MRI in diagnosis of suspected deep vein thrombosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 17:175–181, 2007.
20. Rondina MT, et al: 18F-FDG PET in the evaluation of acuity vein thrombosis. Clin Nucl Med 37:1139–1145, 2012.
21. Goodacre S, et al: Measurement of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of non-invasive diagnostic testing strategies for deep vein thrombosis. Health Technol Assess 10:1–168, iii–iv, 2006.
22. Shields GP, et al: Validation of the Canadian clinical probability model for acute venous thrombosis. Acad Emerg Med 9:561–566, 2002.
23. International Consensus Statement: Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Int Angiol 32:111–260, 2013.
24. Schutgens RE, et al: Combination of a normal Ddimer concentration and a non-high pretest clinical probability score is a safe strategy to exclude deep venous thrombosis. Circulation 107:593–597, 2003.
25. Brown MD, et al: The accuracy of the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay D-dimer test in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 40:133–144, 2002.2
26. Brighton TA, et al: Low-dose aspirin for preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 367:1979–1987, 2012.
27. Stiegler H, et al: Thrombectomy, lysis, or heparin treatment: concurrent therapies of deep vein thrombosis: therapy and experimental studies. Semin Thromb Hemost 15:250–258, 1989.
28. Heijboer H, et al: Clinical utility of real-time compression ultrasonography for diagnostic management of patients with recurrent venous thrombosis. Acta Radiol 33:297–300, 1992.
2. Anand SS, et al: Does this patient have deep vein thrombosis? JAMA 279:1094–1099, 1998.
3. Criado E, et al: Predictive value of clinical criteria for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Surgery 122:578–583, 1997.
4. Brotman DJ, et al: Limitations of D-dimer testing in unselected inpatients with suspected venous thromboembolism. Am J Med 114:276–282, 2003.
5. Larsen TB, et al: Validity of D-dimer tests in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis: a prospective comparative study of three quantitative assays. J Intern Med 252:36–40, 2002.
6. Kearon C, et al: Noninvasive diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. McMaster Diagnostic Imaging Practice Guidelines Initiative. Ann Intern Med 128:663–677, 1998.
7. Birdwell BG, et al: The clinical validity of normal compression ultrasonography in outpatients suspected of having deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 128:1–7, 1998.
8. Goodacre S, et al: Measurement of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of non-invasive diagnostic testing strategies for deep vein thrombosis. Health Technol Assess 10:1–168, iii–iv, 2006.
9. Wells PS, et al: Accuracy of clinical assessment of deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet 345:1326 1330, 1995
10. Locker T, et al: Meta-analysis of plethysmography and rheography in the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Emerg Med J 23:630–635, 2006.
11. Terao M, et al: Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis after operation for fracture of the proximal femur: comparative study of ultrasonography and venography. J Orthop Sci 11:146–153, 2006.
12. Ozbudak O, et al: Doppler ultrasonography versus venography in the detection of deep vein thrombosis in patients with pulmonary embolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis 21:159–162, 2006.
13. de Valois JC, et al: Contrast venography: from gold standard to ‘golden backup’ in clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis. Eur J Radiol 11:131–137, 1990.
14. Begemann PG, et al: Evaluation of the deep venous system in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism with multi-detector CT: a prospective study in comparison to Doppler sonography. J Comput Assist Tomogr 27:399– 409, 2003.
15. Homans J: Thrombosis of the deep leg veins due to prolonged sitting. N Engl J Med 250:148 149, 1954.
16. Carpenter JP, et al: Magnetic resonance venography for the detection of deep venous thrombosis: comparison with contrast venography and duplex Doppler ultrasonography. J Vasc Surg 18:734–741, 1993.
17. Laissy JP, et al: Assessment of deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs and pelvis: MR venography versus duplex Doppler sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 167:971–975, 1996.
18. Stern JB, et al: Detection of pelvic vein thrombosis by magnetic resonance angiography in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and normal lower limb compression ultrasonography. Chest 122:115–121, 2002
19. Sampson FC, et al: The accuracy of MRI in diagnosis of suspected deep vein thrombosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 17:175–181, 2007.
20. Rondina MT, et al: 18F-FDG PET in the evaluation of acuity vein thrombosis. Clin Nucl Med 37:1139–1145, 2012.
21. Goodacre S, et al: Measurement of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of non-invasive diagnostic testing strategies for deep vein thrombosis. Health Technol Assess 10:1–168, iii–iv, 2006.
22. Shields GP, et al: Validation of the Canadian clinical probability model for acute venous thrombosis. Acad Emerg Med 9:561–566, 2002.
23. International Consensus Statement: Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. Int Angiol 32:111–260, 2013.
24. Schutgens RE, et al: Combination of a normal Ddimer concentration and a non-high pretest clinical probability score is a safe strategy to exclude deep venous thrombosis. Circulation 107:593–597, 2003.
25. Brown MD, et al: The accuracy of the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay D-dimer test in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 40:133–144, 2002.2
26. Brighton TA, et al: Low-dose aspirin for preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 367:1979–1987, 2012.
27. Stiegler H, et al: Thrombectomy, lysis, or heparin treatment: concurrent therapies of deep vein thrombosis: therapy and experimental studies. Semin Thromb Hemost 15:250–258, 1989.
28. Heijboer H, et al: Clinical utility of real-time compression ultrasonography for diagnostic management of patients with recurrent venous thrombosis. Acta Radiol 33:297–300, 1992.