Characteristics of prediabetes, newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated factors among outpatients at Hanoi Heart Hospital

Abstract

Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients with prediabetes and newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to identify factors associated with newly detected type 2 diabetes (versus prediabetes) among outpatients at Hanoi Heart Hospital.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with an analytical component was conducted among 92 cardiovascular outpatients with prediabetes or newly detected type 2 diabetes at Hanoi Heart Hospital from May 2025 to July 2026. Associated factors were examined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression.

Results: Thirty-five patients (38.0%) had prediabetes and 57 (62.0%) had newly detected type 2 diabetes. The mean age was 63.97 ± 11.78 years, and 62.0% were male. HbA1c and random glucose levels were significantly higher in patients with newly detected diabetes. In the multivariable model (n=88), eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m² (aOR=0.20; 95% CI: 0.05–0.84) and calcium channel blocker (CCB) use for less than one year (aOR=0.07; 95% CI: 0.01–0.71; only 7 patients) were inversely associated with newly detected diabetes. HDL-C <0.9 mmol/L showed a positive but non-significant trend (aOR=7.80; 95% CI: 0.86–70.69; p=0.068).

Conclusion: Among cardiovascular outpatients with dysglycemia, low HDL-C (as a trend), eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m² and CCB use for less than one year were associated with newly detected type 2 diabetes. These associations do not establish causality and should be confirmed in larger longitudinal studies. The findings support systematic glucose/HbA1c screening in at-risk cardiovascular patients.